Advantages and Disadvantages of Indian Population

Free sample essay on Population Problem in India. The population problem is one of the burning issues being faced by the country. It surmounts all the problems of the country. The rapid population growth is often referred to as population explosion. The population of India has risen dramatically during the post-independence period. The increase in population is due to the spread of health care facilities thus resulting in the fall of death rate. Within a period of a little over half century, population of India has tripled to cross one billion marks.It is predicted to surpass China by 2030 to become the highly populated country in the world. The unprecedented population growth has contributed too many problems such as poverty, unemployment, food problem, housing, clothing which are the basic necessities of life. These things are directly related to the quality of life. The rising population has outpaced all the development and technological gains. It has nullified all our achievement s in the field of industrialisation. Despite all the progress made even one-fourth of India’s population is still living below poverty line.Even they do not have the bare necessities of life available to them. Millions of people have to go to bed without food. Starvation death is frequent in India despite being self-reliant in food production. Population growth is witnessing geometrical progression. The resources of subsistence are increasing in arithmetical progression. India has to accommodate sixteen per cent of total world population in 2. 3 per cent of total land. The pace of our population growth is horrifying. Forty-four children take birth every minute.Our population is rising by 2. 9 per cent per year. Thus every year an extra 26 million people are added to the existing population. Availability of better food, better hygiene and above all modern facilities in medicines, surgery and health care have caused longevity and decline in the rate of mortality. It has further aggravated our population problem. The government is taking stern measures to check the Population. It has started the family planning as early as immediately after the independence. It was the first country to introduce family planning.But the programme failed to bring desired result. So it is the need of the hour to realise the menace of population growth. Our society needs to be made aware of its dangers. The NGOs and media should come forward to create awareness in terms of population growth. We as aware citizens should change our mindset. Failure to check further increase in population may have disastrous effects. A mass awareness programme should be launched through radio, TV and other press media. The masses should be properly educated to the advantages of family planning.

Economical and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis on Hybrid Cars Essay

A hybrid car is a car propelled by the application of two or more power sources. First attempts to introduce hybrid cars goes back to mid 1660, way before the discovery and introduction of the fuel powered conventional cars but were never commercially manufactured until 21st century when Japanese car manufacturer, Toyota produced the Toyota prius exclusively for its domestic market. In fact, it is estimated that the first attempt to produce a hybrid car was in 1665. The delay in the production of this class of vehicles was because of two main reasons; first, the limited range in the distance the vehicles could cover and secondly the difficulty and costly process of recharging their batteries. Furthermore, it is a basic science concept that the more complex a machine is the more it is prone to failure and thus the idea of commercial production of hybrid vehicles has been a slow process over the centuries. World’s population explosion, demand for fresh air and green cities, dwindling petroleum deposits, over dependency in overseas oil, economic recession and global warming are just some of the environmental and economic factors that have forced world’s leading car manufacturers to provide to the market car models that are not only environmentally friendly but also cost effective. A cost-benefit analysis on this topic will attempt to bring out the cost of getting a hybrid car into the road in comparison to the benefits that the world stands to reap as a result of this venture. This research seeks to bring to the surface three major aspects that are associated with the introduction of hybrid cars into the transportation world. These three issues are: (i) The cost of producing a hybrid car: The successful landing of a hybrid car is in focus under this area. It is not easy to get into the road a car that makes use of a combination of two or more sources of energy. The research involved is estimated to run to millions of dollars thus sky-rocketing the price of a hybrid car. (ii) Environmental factors: Environmental factors simply refer to the concerns that a particular type of car produces substances that injure our surroundings thus making life on earth more dangerous and therefore more complex. These substances include green house gases as well as toxic metal compounds such as the ones that contain lead in their structure. (iii) Economic cost benefit factors: Economic factors have much to do with the living standards of people as far as the generation and investment of money is concerned. The economic make up of the world has gotten pegged heavily on oil and there are concerns from every right thinking citizen of the world that this is a self consuming trend that is likely to create serious economic problems if the oil industry hits a serious problem. This has already been witnessed before whereby a slight rise in oil prices has sent shockwaves in economies in both the developed and the developing world. Literature Review The former Vice President of the United States who later won the Democratic Party nomination and lost the presidency in a controversial manner to George W Bush, Mr. Al Gore, has had the world rethinking its actions as far as the degeneration of the environment is concerned. An inconvenient Truth, a film he worked on captures the problems that are already being experienced in various parts of the world as a result of global warming. This, he says is being fuelled by the use of environmentally unfriendly cars that use oil or gasoline (Gore, 2006, para1-3). It is not surprising that he went a head to win a Nobel Prize for this peace of work. Electric and hybrid cars have always received much appreciation due to the perceived ability to tackle this burning issue of climate change. Their ability to cut the emission of these toxic substances into the atmosphere that lead to negative climatic shift is the major reason for this (Anderson and Anderson, 2004, pp 6-10). In recognition of this serious problem, vital steps have been made in the research that is involved in the development and production of cars that make use of a combination of two or three sources of locomotive energy. Chief among these is the research into electric cars that promise to reduce the overreliance on oil (Westbrook, 2001, pp 34-39). The pioneer nation in the world in the research and possible mass production of hybrid cars is Japan. But the appetite with which the United States of America has picked up the issue points to the significance of this type of car. The driving force is the reduction in pollution, the saving that comes in terms of finances and most importantly national security that is put at risk with too much dependency on foreign oil. The argument is often projected in terms of supplying their dollars to nations that fund terror groups such as al Qaeda (Boschert, 2006 pp 2-7). It is common knowledge that mass production of hybrid cars will not only provide a partial solution to world environmental problems but also be a practical measure to save countries from losses running to millions of dollars due to escalating prices of world crude oil. The cost of producing a hybrid car The production of hybrid cars is not a cheap or a simple venture. Confessions by companies that have dipped their fingers into this hot pot have clearly shown that more than just simple technology is in play in the production of this type of cars. Research that has been on-going for a long time now is very complicated and has consumed millions of dollars. At the end of the day, despite the hyped advantages of shifting from purely oil consuming cars to hybrid cars, the cost that must be borne has to be high (Westbrook,2001,pp 56-61). It is the overall ability of the hybrid car to assist man in solving most of his economic and environmental problems that make the whole exercise worthwhile. Environmental factors While scientists agree that there can never be perfect environmentally friendly hybrid cars and that this depends solely on the design and model of hybrid power system. It is worthy appreciating that the use of this class of vehicles will automatically lead to the reduction of global warming by approximately 0. 3 to 0. 5 percent and that more advanced models and designs in the coming years due to technological advances would reduce this figure even further. The problems of the quality of urban air, reduction of noise due to application of electric motor in fuel power conventional cars, and elimination of smog forming pollutants could be solved in a century if research on mass production of hybrid cars is given a priority. The main source of air pollutants in cities and major towns is transportation. Fuel powered conventional motor vehicles produce much higher levels of carbon dioxide (Co2) carbon monoxide (Co), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and hydrocarbons (Hc) and this from the primary source of these dangerous pollutants. This is mainly because fuel powered conventional cars (FPCC) make short trips that do not give time for electric motor warm ups and cold starts. It is noted that hybrid cars reduced the levels of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide by 97% in comparison to other sources of these pollutants. Carbon monoxide (C0), when inhaled for long periods interferes with the proper functioning of the brain in that it impairs the flow of oxygen (O2) into the brain. Once the brain stops working in the expected way, the person involved turns into a vegetable. Carbon dioxide and water vapor form the principal components of green house gases that bring about the green house effect. Green house effect is a scenario in which too much heat is trapped within the atmosphere due to the presence of such toxic gases as carbon monoxide and this resultant effect is a highly raised earth temperature. Infact carbon dioxide (C02) is considered one of the major atmospheric pollutants, and is solely responsible for approximately 57% global warming. Negative effects of global warming include the rapidly declining numbers of polar bears and melting of ice in the tropics. It is therefore an open knowledge that releasing carbon dioxide (C02) into the atmosphere is detrimental to the lives of living organisms and the equilibrium of the ecosystem. Sulphur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are very dangerous air pollutants produced by combustion of sulphur containing fuels. Over the years, scientists have devised means of producing sulphur and lead free fuels but achieving an excellent degree is still a distant mirage. Deposition of these compounds in the air is harmful to plants, man and infrastructure. Exposure to high concentration of sulphur dioxide irritates respiratory tracts making breathing difficult and can easily cause lung problems. Sulfur Oxide contributes to respiratory illness. Patients suffering from heart diseases risk aggravating their conditions if exposed to even mild concentration of sulfur oxides. These components also form secondary pollutants when transported and combined with other elements forming sulphates, nitrate salts, nitrogen dioxides and even nitric acid vapor. This is what is commonly known as acid rain that corrodes buildings, burns vegetations, burns the human skin and destroys infrastructure. Chlorofluorocarbons also form component of green house gases that bring about the effect of global warming. When exposed to gamma rays, these compounds break down to release chlorine atoms. The presence of chlorine atoms in the atmosphere catalyses splitting of Ozone (O3) into oxygen gas (O2), however the negative effects of their presence overweigh their importance. Photochemical air pollution, usually known as smog and is commonly sported in the tropics and subtropics is also caused by incomplete combustion of gasoline emitted by fuel powered conventional vehicles. This process leads to the production of Ozone gas that is responsible for irritation in the eyes, extensive damage to plants and crops and lung complications. The release of carbon dioxide (C02), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides (N0x) and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributes to the destruction of plants on the earth’s surface. Photosynthesis, the process through which trees produce oxygen from carbon dioxide is so vital to human life in fact it is said that life cannot exist without trees. Destruction of trees by releasing these pollutants into the air is equal to destruction of both human life and plant life. While particulate matters are the main contributors to lung problems and most cancer cases, hydrocarbons are also a cause of lung problems and other tissue problems. Long exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons eventually leads to total organ failures. Furthermore it is a major contributor to birth defects and other complicated illnesses like cancer. With the commercial manufacture and introduction of hybrid cars, extensive damage to the environment is definitely reduced, quality of life enhanced and urban areas become clean to inhabit, the dream of world environmental rights groups. Economic factors Crude oil is the raw material that propels almost all components of world’s economy in many ways. In fact the world is so dependent on crude oil that if its supply would be cut abruptly, major world economies like United States of America, Russia and China would immediately come to a standstill. United States depends on crude oil alone for 40% of its energy supply, triple than other sources. Overdependence on crude oil is not sound enough. First, crude oil is a non-renewable source of energy and analysts predict it will be largely exhausted within half a century. This rings an alarm bell that if measures are not put in place and countries go green by using hybrid cars, then the future is bleak and the word is in danger. Transportation sector depends entirely on oil for energy supply. Trucks, planes, ships cars and buses are propelled by motor engines that use oil. Introducing hybrid cars would reverse this trend, make the world safer from fluctuating oil prices and reduce dependence on this energy source (Paterson, 2007 para. 3-5). Reliance on crude oil for fuel supply is a major contributor to ethnic and tribal wars in Africa. This demonstrates the levels at which scramble for this commodity has reached. In fact notably China is so hungry for crude oil that it is ready to ignore the sufferings of millions of peoples around the world and specifically Sudan, so as to get its industry moving. It therefore points to the fact that lasting peace and safety will be found and armed conflicts reduced drastically when less fuel consuming cars are produced and thirst for oil curtailed. Hybrid cars are pocket friendly as they consume less gasoline in comparison to fuel powered conventional cars. Even though they are slightly expensive to purchase, the reward is achieved in long term due to lower fuel consumption. Further, governments and notably the United States of America give tax incentives to buyers of hybrid cars in to a move aimed at reducing the average prices of these vehicles and thus encouraging more people to purchase them. Dwindling petroleum deposits in a major concern to the world. It is widely acknowledged that only a total of one trillion barrels of recoverable crude oil reserves is available for exploration worldwide with only two percent (2%) of this value in the United States of America. Most of these oil deposits are found in the eastern hemisphere that is made up of countries that are well known for political instability. It is therefore very wise for countries that fall in the Western hemisphere and more so, the United States to adapt the mass production and commercial use of hybrid vehicles. This will not only cushion them from ever fluctuating oil prices but will also prevent the imminent collapse of most sectors of the economies of these countries. Conclusion From the foregoing, it is evident that the world stands to gain immensely from the introduction into the world of transportation hybrid cars. It is true that the cost of producing a hybrid car is not one that sends one smiling all the way to the bank. In fact it is prohibitively high and the faint hearted who will not pay attention to the long term benefits of this hybrid car model will not dare. But the benefits or gains both in terms of saving a planet in peril and a global economy in a shambles are so enticing and crucial that it is actually the way to go. The environmental problems that come as a result of oil utilization in transport and other areas of life will be dealt with once and for all. For instance, the release of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere that is responsible for global warming and numerous respiratory problems as well as problems in farming thorough such phenomena as acid rain will be solved. The economic woes that emanate from over dependence on oil will also be contained. The availing of financial resources to rogue nations such as Iran that fund terrorist groups, the shaking of the global economy due to shifts in oil prices as well as the escalation of conflicts in most third world countries in the east and Africa as a result of scrambling over oil resources will be eliminated. References: Anderson C. D & Anderson J (2004); Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History. ISBN-10: 0786418729, ISBN -13: 978-0786418725, McFarland & Company. pp 6-10 Boschert, S. , (2006); Plug-Ins: The cars that will recharge America. pp 2-7 ISBN-10: 0865715718, ISBN-13: 978-0865715714, New Society Publishers. Gore, A. (2006): An Inconvenient Truth. Retrieved on 24th March 2009 from: http://www. climatecrisis. net/aboutthefilm/. Para 1-3. Paterson, B. N. , (2007). Economic benefits of hybrid cars. Retrieved on 23rd March 2009 from: http://www. helium. com/items/1026111-economic-benefits-of-hybrid-cars, para 3-5. Westbrook M. H, (2001): The Electric Car: Development and Future of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars. ISBN-10: 0852960131, ISBN-13: 978-0852960134. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp 56-61.

America in Comparison to Other Countries

If more grammar classes ere added during high school, our country could be on the right path to catching up with the education in other countries. Every day, kids are exposed to poor grammar. Many songs, television shows, movies, and magazines use incorrect grammar. Songs often include phrases instead of complete thoughts, and some songs even contain words that don't exist. If that is all that students see and hear, they won't be able to make a distinction between the correct and incorrect way to speak.Text messaging has also caused kids to have poor writing skills. Testing causes kids to write by using fragments, Incorrect spelling, and poor punctuation. Americans don't take the time to write correctly because they are so worried about getting things done quickly. U. S. Citizens don't want to be bothered with making sure their punctuation Is correct or their comma Is In the right place. Students need repeated, dally practice to get away from the high-speed lifestyle they are used to , in order to be able to utilize grammar in the right way.Focusing more on grammar during English classes will reinforce proper grammar, and eliminate the issues that text messaging and new technology bring. As a country, understanding grammar can impact our lives. We need grammar to succeed in everyday life. When applying to a college or a Job, grammar is extremely important. College essays are a major part in being accepted in college, and making a good first impression. Once in college, English classes focus a lot on grammar In essays and research papers.Students would quickly fall behind If they were not familiar with basic grammar skills. Also, going to Job interviews requires you to use proper grammar. To be hired, the employee needs to speak well so that the boss knows the company will be well represented. Future Job applicants could end up being unemployed, simply because they weren't grammatically educated to speak urine an interview or a board meeting. America would be low ering its standards if the education system decided to eliminate grammar from the curriculum.This basically gives permission for U. S. Citizens to be unmotivated and lazy. Colleges would have to lower their admittance standards, since SAT scores, ACT scores, and college essay scores would all be lower. This would put us even further behind other countries and their educational progress. The United States would regress from an already low educational level. We would fall so far behind other countries, and never be able to catch up. If grammar continues to be pushed to the side over the years, it will eventually be eliminated.Grammar may not seem Important, but It can change our lives. Speaking properly helps us In college, Jobs, and even social events. Focusing more on grammar In English curriculums Is a small change could make a difference for our country. It may not put us at the highest ranking for education, but s certainly a start we need to prove to toner countries Tanat we are not quilters, and we certainly will not lower our standards. If anything, we should try to higher our standards so that we will not be so inferior to other countries.

To Investigate How iPhone Maker Apple Competes across the Smartphone Essay

To Investigate How iPhone Maker Apple Competes across the Smartphone Market - Essay Example There are many iconic products in the world, but few have had the power and impact that has been witnessed in the iPhone. The way in which Apple creates a mythology about its brands and the effect that this mythology has upon the perception of the products made by Apple is of great interest. Many companies would want to mimic or surpass this type of powerful branding. Therefore, studying the way in which the product has been marketed to the public is a powerful tool for understanding how such a phenomenon can occur. 4. Research Design Two types of data contribute to the further understanding of the topic of this research study. Primary and secondary researches were explored in order to more fully understand the objectives of the study as they have been framed by the research questions. Primary data was determined through the use of a questionnaire that would be distributed to appropriate participants. The secondary data was taken from resources that have information that would add pe rspective to the topic of this study. This data was taken from internet resources as well as books and journal articles. The secondary research was conducted through the lens of exploratory research, defined by Beri (2008) as creating a focus on ideas that pertain to the concepts within the study. In researching the previously established concepts that pertain to the topic, new ideas can be generated towards discovering new aspects to the study. The data was approached through the grounded theory for qualitative research. The research was coded for its commonalities from which memos will be created in order to organize the discovery into concepts that can be analyzed for their content. In comparing the contents of the research, a hypothesis will then be considered as it is revealed through the data. Although this methodology seems backwards, it provides for the emergence of themes, rather than forcing a preconceived idea and then seeking data to prove or disprove the concept (Straus s 1999, p. vii). 5. Research Resources Analysis The research methodology is essentially qualitative in nature. It does not involve a statistical analysis of the success rate of the marketing campaign of Apple for iPhone. The research is focused on the qualitative understanding of the marketing technique employed by Apple and the effectiveness of this technique expressed in terms of customer feedback and views, and the level of customer satisfaction. To this end, the resources utilized would be in the form of questionnaires sent via email, and filled out in person by customers selected randomly in a marketplace. The second part of the study involves a review of the existing research on the topic through the examination of published journals and articles. Through a cognitive analysis of results obtained from this two-pronged study, and comparison of the established and new research on the subject, a conclusion would be drawn about the marketing methodology and its effectiveness of App le for iPhone. The questionnaires designed for this purpose will have to be open-ended so that they present flexibility to the volunteers to fully express their views. Questions that reflect preconceived ideas about the marketing strategy will be discarded. To this end, a list of all the possible questions will be prepared, from which only

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage Essay

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage - Essay Example Amongst the numerous concepts and tools that can come under application for the problem related to the facility location and layout, centroid method came under consideration as the best applicable tool for the company Eldora (EDC) who were leading manufacturers of bicycle in the U.S. The highlighting issue of EDC illustrates the information that the manufacturing plant units did not come under relocation to other locations such as in Asian countries as this market was becoming the leader in the manufacturing industry especially due to its cheap labor. Because of a domestic strategy allied to the production of the bicycles, all the business processes of EDC remained to one location only. As an outcome of this decision, they came across several issues associated to the facility location; centroid methodology was the finest solution if adopted by EDC would resolve the concerned issue. This tool proves to be fruitful for the organization as it has numerous benefits that can aid the compa ny. The expected results of this method will lead them to reduced costs in their production due to cheap labor, having the prospect to penetrate into new market segmentation, competitive advantage over others as being present into a global marketplace. In addition, the manufacturing enterprise will also have the advantage from the environmental regulations in the local plant and will also develop and persuade the relationships with the local residents of that area, and will help in removing the cultural barriers between them and there are many more benefits that the organization can have from it. Background Information The organization that is under discussion in the thesis paper is Eldora Company (EDC), which is considerably one of the dominant, well-known and most popular businesses that manufacture and supply bicycles in the United States of America (Chase, 2006). Eldora experienced a boom in its sales and recognition in the marketplace since the last decade, as their lower price of the bicycles for a very long time gave them an edge over their competitors. With the increasing reputation, EDC became the market leader as it contributed to more than twenty-five percent of the bicycle sales of the United States. Eldora Company’s business units were located at the same site and all the operational units and the corporate office shared one roof. EDC was a huge organization with numerous employees and workers; and they have come under division according to their capabilities, areas of expertise and skills (Chase, 2006). Through the joint venture with a company based in Europe, Eldora expanded its business into the European market as well. Eldora was an organization that encouraged and promoted the viewpoints, innovative ideas, and recommendations of their employees related to the mechanism of the bicycle that provides with additional features. The loyalty and dedication of the employees towards the company can come under limelight as information and awaren ess of most modern and recent fashion and approach was the key motive of the members of the staff (Chase, 2006). The principal motivation and influencing factor for the bicycle manufacturers’ repositioning of facility location to the Asian world was that this market was experiencing a boom of bicycle producers at a phenomenal and an unprecedented rate, which allowed them to have cheaper labor in comparison coupled with low distribution costs (Chase, 2006). Problem Description One of the primary and high-priority

Article Evaluation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluation - Article Example Hudson is affiliated with the School of Applied Social Sciences from De Montfort University, Leicester while Singh is also associated with Applied Research Centre Health & Lifestyle Interventions of Coventry University, Coventry. The study addressed several problems facing patients with less severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They specifically investigated the patients’ experience and understanding of COPD symptoms, current self-care activities, and the importance of family perceptions in managing COPD. The main subject of the study consists of patients with COPD, how they manage the condition, the challenges they encounter and the importance of having the support of family members (Apps et al., 2014). The aim of this study is to understand the experiences of individuals with less severe COPD and the challenges they face while undergoing self-care. The study population comprised of participants who had a positive diagnosis of COPD and had not been rehabilitated for pulmonary complications in the past year. They were also required not to have any neurological, cognitive or locomotor problems. The study design was cross-sectional, and the authors analyzed the data using thematic analysis, which permits identification of patterns of the data and better descriptions (Apps et al., 2014). The results of the study identified difficulty in breathing as the major symptom that the patients underwent. Also, the patients in their early stages of the condition had problems getting support from their family members since the symptoms are not visible from outside. Most patients did not know when to start engaging in the self-care procedures, and what to expect as the conditions increased in intensity (Apps et al., 2014). The results are clear since they give in detail what the patients’ experiences were, and the challenges they face while undergoing self-care. The results have also addressed the

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business Essay

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business incubators - Essay Example This is a relatively new form of advertising, yet one that has already generated a wide range of textual sub-types. (Hughes, 1998) For example, there are simple 'banners' pasted across WebPages advertising a particular service or product; there are whole sites run by specific companies, such as Coca-Cola or Benetton; and there are mailshots that arrive in people's email boxes, in the form of brochures, memos and letters. In addition to these more obvious forms of advertising, there are now, of course, Internet versions of some of the texts such as university prospectuses and church posters (for an example of the latter, go to http://www.bbc.co.uk and click on 'religion'.Although some concern has been expressed that the standard of advertising has been poor on the Internet and that this has damaged the chances of dot-com companies to turn a profit, there is no doubt that Internet texts can be very imaginative because of the resources available to them for interactivity. What follows i s a starting point for thinking about the ways WebPages offer a different kind of read from paper pages. Getting some idea about this will be important in order to assess how online advertising texts might work. (Judge, 1998) WebPages and SMS as Advertising Tools For incubators firms advertising, WebPages are organised very differently from their paper counterparts. In fact, the term 'page' when applied to an Internet text is a metaphor. Electronic texts are not formed of pages at all, but we are encouraged to think in this way because it makes electronic discourse seem familiar and approachable. Electronic texts are a bit like a set of Russian dolls: as you read a screenful of text and click a link, you are taken to a new set of information and new links. You can keep going until all the links run out which, in some cases, will take the reader a long way from their starting point (often called a 'homepage'). This process is sometime referred to as non-linearity: paper texts are described as linear because they are processed line-by-line, while electronic texts can be read in many different ways, with readers jumping between sections of text, between different pages, and between different Internet sites in a non-linear fashion. (Solomon, 1995 ) As will be inferred from reading the above, electronic texts are often seen as offering more opportunity for interactivity than paper texts. Readers can scroll pages in various directions, can click through to new information via links, can stop a page working altogether, and can, in many cases, save and archive a text in their own files. Interactivity works both ways, however: it isn't just about the reader being active, since the availability of certain kinds of electronic tools also allows a webpage to be in motion in the way a paper page can only dream about. Animated graphics allow language and images to dance and sing (provided the computer has a sound card, in the latter case); pictures can dissolve and re-form to show narrative progression of an idea; a question can be asked in the text, then disappear and form itself into an answer. Line drawings and logos can appear to come to life, and the only limits to colour, glitter and other appearances of physicality are

Import-export seafood to Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Import-export seafood to Canada - Essay Example This was however 4% lower than the total value attained in 2007. These statistics bring into perspective the nature and scope of the trade in seafood in Canada, a major product in both imports and exports in Canada. This paper delves into the aspects of importation of seafood into Canada. Particular emphasis is placed on the kind of seafood imported into Canada, the export policies of the countries from which the seafood is imported from, the duties involved, the trade licenses and documentation required, the current major importers of seafood into Canada, as well as the price range for the products imported. Keywords: Imports, Exports, Species, Seafood, Fisheries Introduction The global trade in seafood is a daunting and complex task. This is due to the fact that there are a myriad of species of seafood that are available for commercial benefits. In comparison to the approximately 15 species of birds and mammals that provide commercial benefits, there are over 800 species of aquatic organisms providing the same benefit (Anderson, 2003). Additionally, there are numerous product forms of seafood with various species being packaged as dried, frozen, salted, smoked, breaded portions, canned, fresh, and boneless, and individually quick frozen products such as clam juice and fish meals and oils. To add to this complexity, there are at least 190 countries that are involved in the trade of seafood worldwide (Anderson, 2003). International trade in seafood has been heightened by a variety of factors. Key among them is the advancement in technology applied in the processes of harvesting, shipping, and processing; reduction of international trade barriers in the trade of seafood; and innovations of fisheries management systems. The development of aquaculture and aquaculture systems has also promoted the global trade in seafood, making it more competitive and diverse (Anderson, 2003). Importation of Seafood in Canada In Canada, in the 1970s and 1980s, the value of imports and exports of seafood increased progressively. However, in the 1990s the major species of ground-fish in the North Atlantic collapsed, leading to a major decline in the surplus that Canada posted in the trade. For instance, the rate of harvest of Atlantic cod had dropped from a high of 482,800 metric tons in 1989, to a low of 23,900 metric tons in 1994 (Anderson, 2003). The surplus had dropped to $1 billion in 1997. This figure however increased by an estimated 400 million by the year 2000, resulting in an overall increase in the value of the surplus to $1.4 billion (Anderson, 2003). The primary imports comprise of shrimps, canned tuna, and prawns, while the primary exports comprise of lobsters, frozen crabs, and farmed Atlantic salmon (Anderson, 2003). OECD states that the total quantity and value of seafood and fish imported into Canada lessened from 2007 to 2009. The main contributors to this occurrence were the global economic crisis and the resulting decline in the demand for seafood products in the Canadian market. Consumption of seafood products and fish decreased within this period, as they are mostly considered to be luxury commodities (2012). According to Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the three major categories of fish imported into Canada are; ground-fish such as cod fish, halibut, and haddock among others; pelagic fish such as tuna, farmed and wild salmon, herring, sardines, and mackerel; and shellfish such as lobsters, prawns, shrimps,

Decision making models Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision making models - Research Paper Example The Five Step Model by Harvard Business School and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (A.H.P) by Thomas L. Saaty are two vital decision making models. These models have strengths and weaknesses, and they contrast in their mode of approaching issues and problems. They also differ in their application. According to the five step decision making model, managers make decisions on a daily basis, which impact on the company. Some of the decisions have straightforwardness such as the determination of subordinates to delegate duties. Though such a decision may seem straightforward, it requires the manager to have a satisfactory knowledge of his/her subordinates for effective and efficient delegation (Milkman, Chugh, & Bazerman, 2008). Other decisions such as tendering and employment decisions have complex characteristics. Also, decision making process cannot be described as an easy process because some of the decisions may involve risks, trade off and interplay of other factors, which include cost, and risk of failure or undesirable outcome (Harvard Business School, 2006). Decision-making is a complex process especially when it involves uncertainty and raises interpersonal issues. Uncertainty causes hesitation because individuals may feel that they lack facts that enable them to make desirable decisions. Some individuals may choose not to make decisions than take a leap to uncertainty. According to Harvard Business Essentials, decision-making involves five steps, which include the, establishment of a context for success, framing the issues properly and generating alternatives. It also involves an evaluation of the alternatives and choosing alternatives that work the best (Harvard Business School, 2006). The establishment of a context for success involves the creation of an environment that enables effective decisions to work. This process involves the evaluation of the decision maker’s surrounding to identify antithetical factors that affect sound decision-making. For instance, internal conflicts within an organization may affect the outcome of a decision (Armesh, 2005). This habit eliminates the possibility of rational thinking; hence, the management cannot sustain different levels of diverse opinions (Harvard Business School, 2006). Other organizations do not support open communication, which may, affects decision-making. An all-powerful management affects decision making because decisions are made according to their preference. Decision-making needs a friendly environment that ensures the right individuals participate in the process. The decision makers or those involved in the process should meet in a physical setting that encourages deliberation and careful thinking. Such an environment has ground rules for determining decision-making (Harvard Business School, 2006). In decision-making, successful decisions depend on the clear understanding of issues at hand. It also depends in an understanding of the issue’s impact on the compan y or business. Therefore, it becomes crucial to determine the character of the issue. Framing the problem offers an opportunity to ask the correct questions to the right people. It is vital for the decision makers to frame the problem in a manner that does not constrain potential solutions to the problem. Framing the issue involves questions on how the issues/situation rose, and how to solve the situation (Harvard Business

Main Street Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Main Street Program - Essay Example enerally, it will be expected that the Main Street in question will satisfy and fall within the general notion and rationale behind the creation of the Main Street program. The National Main Street Centre (2014) noted that the Main Street concept is in place to revitalize and strengthen traditional commercial districts of communities through such approaches such as â€Å"existing economic development, historic preservation, city management, or urban and community planning programs.† Based on this description, it can be said on authority that the Historic Dupont Circle Main Street (HDCMS) is part of the Main Street program’s success stories. Walking through the Dupont Circle, one sees an old city circle that has been transformed into a modern tourist destination where visitors and residents are met with the best of historic landmarks, institutions, transportation system, and best of all, an array of commercially active business environment where several restaurants, hotels, bars and rest stops can be found. HDCMS is over a decade old as it was started in May 2003 through the use of the mayor’s grant. Over the years, there have been records of economic success and transformation, including a swift transition from a place that used to be the hub for illegal and illicit trade and activities. As a local resident, there are a number of factors that can be seen that make Dupont Circle of Washington DC and the HDCMS deserve commendation. In the first place, the community and its leaders can be said to have done well as the HDCMS has been carried out in a very well planned manner. This is because back in May 2003, leader s of the community, led by the major drafted a development plan for the area that spelt out very clear targets and goals that needed to be achieved. Because of this, development agenda has been pursued in a manner that falls according to plan. Consequently, the haphazard progression of events at the Dupont Circle has not happened. Again, the community

Advantages of Raw Milk Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Raw Milk Essay From the time of Hippocrates to until just after World War II, this white blood nourished and healed uncounted millions. Clean raw milk from pastured cows is a complete and properly balanced food You could live on it exclusively if you had to indeed, published accounts exist of people who have done just that Whats in it that makes it so great? Lets look at the ingredients to see what makes it such a powerful food Proteins Our bodies use amino acids as building blocks for protein. Depending on who you ask, we need 20-22 of them for this task Eight of them are considered essential, in that we have to get them from our food. The remaining 12-14 we can make from the first eight via complex metabolic pathways in our cells Raw cows milk has all 8 essential amino acids in varying amounts, depending on stage of lactation About 80% of the proteins in milk are caseins- reasonably heat stable and, for most, easy to digest Lactoferrin (14), an iron-binding protein, has numerous beneficial properties including improved absorption and assimilation of iron Ice cream – we don’t drink milk, we eat. Milk is our first food Mammals – short time milk 50 years ago 2000 pounds of milk per year Now top producers over 50000 pounds, how is it done ? Drugs, antibiotics, hormones, specialized cow breeding†¦ breeding cows for specialized skimmed milk. Skimmed milk cow. Its insane , and rocket fuel Cow’s milk also contain blood Kills Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Vitamin B12—Cyanocobalamin Diabitis – no proper enzymes to digest proteins.

The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Intro For hundreds of years high school education has been the responsibility of the state.   Yet, in no time in history did government become so fully involved in adolescent education as after the Second World War.   The era of big government would mean big spending in various social programs, one of the most important of which would be education.   Groundbreaking advances would be seen in the instruction of various areas of education previously ignored, such as music, art and sports. Along with this involvement in the lives of their children came parents faith that in countries such as Canada and the United States, public education, most specifically high school education, would lay the ground work for a secure and prosperous future for the future adults of the nation.    It was only towards the end of the Cold War that globalization accompanied by neo-liberal economics would force Canadians to re-examine their public high schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The increasing importance of changing technology coupled with the general decline of public schools has caused us to look with greater skepticism upon governments ability to manage the school system in the present day.   It is for these very reasons that parents have become more open to the advantages of private education.   Despite the fact that public high schools are still largely in the hands of government in the last twenty years, we have seen a significant growth in private institution attendance.   The purpose of this work is to discuss the rise of private high school education and discuss its possible future. Literature Review Current literature supports the decline of the public high school and the rise in importance of the private school.   Aurini and Davies (2004, 2007) have done indepth investigation on areas of private schooling in Ontario such as private tutoring and home schooling and throughout their readings have upheld that private education is on the rise.   Aurini (2004) in her experience as a private tutor and in her subsequent investigation into private education has seen a notable rise in important of private education, most specifically with attitudes towards parents.   In fact Aurini (2006) goes to far as to say that appearance of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is clear that studies are showing the rising importance of private education they are also outlining why this is occurring.   Geiger (1994) clearly holds the belief that the globalized world and the resultant increase of demands on students and schools to keep up with technological advances is overwhelming for public schools and shrinking education budgets.   Davies (1999) adds to this argument in his analysis of religious groups and the growing acceptance by governments of their demands.   Whereas twenty years ago their was a much more melting-pot mentality surrounding different demands for schooling, with the growth of individualism world wide so comes the growth of individual education. There are numerous liberal minded authors such as Finn who believe that the answers to these problems can be given by the market.   The constant push by some scholars to consistently patch up public school problems are rejected by Finn.   He believes a more radical change is necessary to clean up public schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, many authors continue to believe in the public school system and contend that it is an essential part of democracy and equality in a nation.   Fotopoulos (2004) claims that while individuals live in society, they are in fact social individuals and that one of the most proven methods of making them part of society is through a public school system.   Yet, other than increase school budgets it becomes more and more difficult to find solutions to the public school systems problems.   Cowley (2001), in exasperation states, â€Å"while there is agreement about the need for better schools, there is no agreement about how to improve our schools.†    Growth of Private Education Various forms of private education have expanded in impressive numbers in the Western world over the past two centuries.   What was once thought of as a luxury or an innecessity by many parents is now being reconsidered as a viable and safe option.   Canada is not the exception, although it is a notable example of how private education entities are making headway. Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that enrollment in private schools in Canada has gone from 5% to 6% during the past decade (p. 420).   Although the number in appearance may seem small it translates to a 20% growth for private schools.   In Ontario the growth is even more staggering and reached 40% with a total of 750 schools in the province (Davies and Aurini, p. 420).   Private education is gaining importance with parents of both younger and older students.   This is clearly seen in the expansion of Montessori schools as well as proprietary vocational colleges (Aurini and Davies, 2004).   In addition we should not forget about the growth of private tutoring and home schooling. Apart from the growth of private institutions it is important to take into consideration perceptions of private versus public education.   A survey taken last year found that â€Å"46% of parents would prefer to send their school age children to private schools, while 60% of Ontarians agreed with the phrase ‘private school students receive a much better education than public school students’† (Aurini, 2006, p. 108)    Trouble in Public Education As previously mentioned private education, until recently, has taken the back seat the overwhelming importance of government lead education.   An understanding of public education today and all its faults requires that we understand its history.   At the turn of the century we saw a significant rise in big government, specifically in Canada.   The culture and society that revolved around the welfare state of the post-WWII period clearly supported governments incursion into the fields of education and health, to name a few. Parents placing their children in the hands of the state held the general belief that the schools would do their best to provide equal opportunity and social mobility.   Private schools were seen to fall in the realm of those who could afford their astronomical prices. Most often private schools were identified with religion and the upper classes.   Gabbard (2004) states that public schools in American society have held such responsibilities as â€Å"equalizing gender and racial inequalities, providing the knowledge and skills that give everyone an equal opportunity to experience the ‘American Dream,’ producing a workforce with skills that enable U.S. corporations to compete effectively in the global marketplace, and preparing citizens to be effective participants in a democratic society† (p. 3).  Ã‚   There was a common desire to believe that â€Å"schools strengthen our democracy, [and] our ability to meaningfully participate in the decision-making processes that impact our communities and our lives† (Gabbard, 2004, p. 3). Whether or not public schools are still up to this task is one of the terrible questions we must ask ourselves.   Indeed, what has always been a monumental task has been further been burdened by the nature of our increasingly global, increasingly technology based and increasingly competitive society.   Geiger (1994) claims, â€Å"To succeed in the 21st century, today’s students must graduate with more than knowledge of the past.   They must have the ability to synthesize and analyze new information, think for themselves, and adapt quickly to a world where change in the constant† (p. 63).   The technological tools that are present in almost all forms of work are often not found in public schools (Geiger, 1994). Trouble in High Schools Clearly high schools are facing challenges they have not had to face in the past fifty years or that maybe they never have had to face.   Run-down buildings, over-crowded classes, school violence, and poor rural support are only some of the problems on the long list any teacher, parent or school administrator could give you.   There seems to be less schools than ever.   One report shows that,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A complete restructuring of high school facilities is needed, as the current design pushes teenagers into an environment contrary to the way they learn. The first and most important change should be a reduction in the size of high schools. Research has shown that students have better attendance, are less likely to drop out, exhibit fewer discipline problems, and perform better when attending a smaller high school† (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21). An even more preoccupying problem is that of violence at school.   The last few centuries has witnessed an increase in attacks of rage and a significantly more violent atmosphere.   One administrator claims that, â€Å"It was only after many years of experience and investigation that we began to understand the degree of rage todays teenagers feel and how the school system is failing them, not only academically but in just about every imaginable way† (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While urban schools are plagued by violence and over-crowded classrooms many rural Ontario schools are lacking in basic material resources.   Low school funding seems to be a problem best known to northern boards and rural Ontario boards (Trouble in, 2004).   A study done by The People for Education shows that â€Å"Ontario’s smaller schools are less likely to have librarians or guidance counsellors, music teachers or physical education teachers. And they are much more likely to be threatened with closing† (Trouble in, 2004) . Neo-liberal education There is no doubt that current international focus on liberal economics and globalization has a significant say in where public high schools stand and where they are headed to go.   Neo-liberal and conservative ideology clearly hold the idea that most government run enterprises are bound to get caught up in inefficiency and become labeled as inadequate.   Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that â€Å"The profit motive and need to compete for student-clients is said to provide powerful incentives to improve educational services. Since such incentives do not exist in large public bureaucracies, educational businesses are more likely to deliver real results, according to advocates.† This has resulted in a rising importance of educational entrepreneurialism, mostly brought on by the changing nature of schooling and pressures in the global market place.   According to Aurini (2004) the market, as in so many areas of society, including healthcare, is attempting to weed out insufficient agents.   She states that, â€Å"The belief that competition and de-bureaucratization encourages accountability, efficiency and consumer responsiveness† (p. 476).   In addition she claims that, â€Å"For market advocates, public schools’ monopoly status and bureaucratized form and the presence of teacher’s professional associations foster apathy and mediocrity to the detriment of education consumers† (p. 476). In the presence of competition public education entities may have to admit that they no longer enjoy a monopoly.   Finn states that, â€Å"If schools want students and the dollars that accompany them, they must attract those students, and in order to attract them they have to provide quality education.†Ã‚   In addition, some research suggests that business in education is resulting in the adoption of these same practices by public institutions (Davies and Aurini, 2004).   At the core of the argument is the belief that the market and forces of the market provide better education because the private businesses have to compete with each other. Tutoring: A Growing Industry The significant growth of one sector of private education in particular provides us with significant insight on how private education has progressed over the last years.   While in the past private tutoring enterprises consisted of test-prep centers and moonlighting teachers they have now evolved into private tutoring services that may   include preschool programs, math and reading classes, and writing and public peaking programs (Aurini, 2004, p. 478).   Aurini (2004) claims these entities are a highly evolved form of tutoring, these businesses are often developed as franchises or morph into comprehensive private schools. Aurini (2004) in her two year study of private tutoring institutions in Ontario Canada shows that the significant rise in private tutoring shows a clear shift from public to private education.   According to studies the percentage of Ontario parents requesting private tutoring for their school age children has gone up from 17% in 1997 to 24% in 2003 (Aurini 2004).   In addition, the number of formal businesses that offer fuller tutoring services has grown between 200%-500% in major Canadian cities over the past 30 years, a growth that is independent of public school enrolments or economic trends (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 422).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a further study done on tutoring franchises tutoring businesses are shown to be standardizing and broadening their services through franchises. In the form of what are being called learning centers, â€Å"franchises are increasingly transcending old-style test prep and homework support, and are bundling together a variety of offerings that sometimes encroach upon public school practices. A result is that learning centres are becoming increasingly school-like by providing an alternative to public education, rather than a mere supplement† (Aurini and Davies, 204, p. 419).  Ã‚   They attribute this expansion to the fact that franchising is the next obvious step in a successful business and they add that, â€Å"Service industries with many franchises such as coffee and fast food have likely grown much faster than industries marked mainly by a series of small independents†Ã‚   (Davies and Aurini, 204, p. 423).   As high school students are one of the largest groups using tutoring services, this subtle shift from public to private education is bound to have long-term consequences. Ethnicity and Individualism It has clearly been shown through data and example that private education has made great inroads in the education market, largely due to the failures of High schools and other educational entities to keep up to the demands of our fast paced, technology driven society.   It is important to note that while technology is clearly a part of globalism’s demands on high schools, individualism and multiculturalism also play an important role in the weakening of the public high schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While in the past it was common for religious groups to make demands on public government on term of their religion, it is now common for ethnic groups to make these same demands.   Davies (1999) states that, â€Å"Rather than presenting their cause as religious revivalism and morality in public education terms with little efficacy in todays political culture-the coalitions are evoking the idioms of multiculturalism, minority rights, and school choice† (p. 3).   Some religious groups have requested that Quebec, â€Å"embrace the reality of group based diversity in its schools, and they couch this tenet in the language of multiculturalism. The coalitions are united in an understanding of multiculturalism in which religious minority communities require separate education† (Davies 1999, p. 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Canada had never been the melting pot that the United States has been education has been fairly homogeneous.   This is important because it shows the growing importance on individuality in Canada’s education system.   In Canada this is particularly important as one of the country’s core tenets has been unity in diversity.   Canada’s long standing respect for cultures has been a core element of its foundation from the beginning.   Having Quebec as an outspoken and integral culture within Canada may have even sensitized us to an even greater extent than other western countries.   That these demands may not be met by public high schools is of course essential to the legitimization of private schools. Intensive Parenting and Individual Children Canadians are having less and less children.   Whereas in the past families consisted of an average of three children many couples are opting to have one or two children.   This most likely is as a result of global factors and heightened individualism in parents living in an extremely materialist society.   The result of global parents and less children is an intensive style of parenting that requires them to be present in every aspect of their child’s life.   The psychology, health and education of Canadian children is under a microscopic lens. Private institutions cater to this new breed of parent using such slogans as calls â€Å"to ‘develop you child’s gifts and talents’† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420).   Customized education is guaranteed to secure your child with a future in a global economy that seems to becoming increasingly competitive and fast paced.    As Aurini and Davies have observed â€Å"education has become the medium to advance upon or maintain a socioeconomic position as economic prospects for those without credentials deteriorate. Higher education is increasingly sought after throughout Canada† (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 420).   They add that this is â€Å"creating a generalized culture of educational competition. From younger ages, more youth are being encouraged to view school as a competitive arena in which they must strive to get ahead† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420). The most obvious result of this is the re-entry of schooling into many homes.   The number of home schooled children has increased in significant amounts over the last years. Aurini and Davies (2007) claim that while years ago home schooling was â€Å"dominated by a coalition of religious fundamentalists and experimental ‘unschoolers’ a variety of subgroups are now emerging, with very different goals that range from nurturing minority identities, to meeting special educational needs, to simply seeking a superior form of education† (p. 462).   While home schooling only affects 2% of students in Ontario it is â€Å"‘shedding its image as a social or educational aberration’† (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 462). In addition, while home schooling was badly seen for many years, most specifically with regard to its legal standing, recent legislature have given it a new level of legitimacy.   These new policies allow boards of education to â€Å"deem that children are receiving satisfactory instruction at home simply by accepting notification from parents†Ã‚   (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4).  Ã‚   In addition the provincial government no longer asks home schoolers to strictly adhere to traditional schooling methodes, and now recognize home schooling as an adequate alternative to that taught at public schools. While many scholars argue that home schooling is a result of government intervention and badly run schools Aurini and Davies take a different stand point.   Clearly the neo-liberal outlook on home schooling is that a badly funded and organized public schools are not providing children with the education that parents would like them to have.   A second explanation is that a fast paced economy is requiring a different type of education for its future workers.  Ã‚   According to this argument, â€Å"the ‘new economy’ is raising credential requirements and intensifying labor market competition† (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4). Aurini and Davies (2007) argue that the distinctive trait of home-schooling has to do with the ability of children to better express themselves in a home environment.   They claim that, â€Å"rather than seek instrumental advantages, many of its practitioners aim to remove children from market (and bureaucratic) settings, reasoning that they are too precious to be entrusted to the care of others† (p. 4) What Can be Done? Canadian public high schools are no doubt moving into an era where shrinking budgets and mounting outside pressures are causing numerous problems within.   Schools are in disrepair, teachers are underpaid, and classes are overflowing.   Cowley (2001) states in frustration that, â€Å"Parents want better schools. Students want better schools. Teachers, counsellors, principals, superintendents, members of local school boards, and officials in the Ministry of Education want better schools. Taxpayers and employers want better schools.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And we may well be going in a vicious circle.   It is clear that high schools and other public schools need more money to keep up.   Finn states that the call is the same every year.   It is for â€Å"smaller classes, more teachers, more teacher training, more technology, more special programs, more hours in the day, more days in the year, et cetera.† He further claims that â€Å"In both Canada and the United States, this has long been our chief approach to making schools better. It is like our chief approach to making lots of things better: install a larger engine, replace the tires, and add more chrome.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, how is this possible when in the example of the United States per pupil spending has tripled since the 1950s (Finn).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Public schools have had no choice and will have no choice but to change to meet ever increasing demands placed upon them.   And as they change the private schools will become more and more necessary to parents seeking the education that their children need to survive in the future.   Some believe that the very creation of private schools will force and overall change in education on both ends.   Autini (2006) believes that the advent of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education.   The interjection of private schools onto the field of education has resulted in the altering of old public school tenets. While private education entities adopt public school models such as credentialed teachers, age-defined grades and courses such as math and science they, â€Å"are also seen to ‘loosely couple’ by avoiding stark performance indicators such as standardized tests and y embracing broad, often vague goals such as socialization and inclusion† (Aurini, 2006, p. 83).   In addition, â€Å"these strategies permit schools to integrate a variety of objectives and ward off inspection that would otherwise expose inefficiencies and inconsistencies† (p. 84). Private educators legitimize these alterations by relying on arguments of increased individualism and technical advances (Aurini, 2006, p. 83).   They claim to be satisfying consumer demand for more individual education programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also important to note that many private high schools have not been successful when competing with public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423).   In fact the history of performance contractors is sometimes one of â€Å"rapid ascent quickly followed by failure† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423).   It appears as though business are more successful when they don’t have to come up against public, free educational options such as preschools, colleges and private tutoring enterprises.   As tutoring is a form of supplementary education that does not compete directly with public schools it is exempt from this type of market competition from public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004).   This of course is important to take into consideration when discussing high schools in Ontario, which remain over 90% public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Conclusion Whether private high schools are successful or not it is clear that they are not only affecting the market but the whole of the education system in Canada.   Their rise in the previous years from institutions created with skepticism to viable alternatives to public education is significant.   Clearly the degradation of public high schools is closely linked to the neo-liberal economic model calling for less government and more markets.   It is a model that claims to know the answers to our future and to the future of our children.   Market competition will make for a better school system with more individual choices.   Private high schools mix well with the current individualistic tendencies shown in parents and students and which so clearly fit in with the core tenets espoused by private institutions. As we have seen in this work private high schools are not always the best high schools, neither socially nor economically.   The best schools may be the ones that allow for the greatest insertion into our ever-changing society by it’s students.   Fotopoulos, in an (2004) claims that, culture in general and education in particular play a crucial role in the determination of individual and collective values. This is because as long as individuals live in a society, they are not just individuals but social individuals, subject to a process that socializes them and induces them to internalize the existing institutional framework and the dominant social paradigm. (p.15) Social apt students are often the most successful students.   It might be relevant to discuss just how much individualism is good for us, our society and our schools. References Aurini, J.   (2006).   Crafting Legitimation Projects: An Institutional Analysis of Private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education Businesses.   Sociological Forum   21, 83-111 Aurini, J.   (2004).   Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Balancing Profitablity with the Humanistic Face of Schooling.  Ã‚   The Canadian Review of   Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociology and Anthropology   41, 475-492. Aurini, J Davies, S.   (2007)   Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of   Ã‚  Ã‚   private education   British Journal of Sociology of Education 26, 461 474 Aurini, J Davies, S.   (2004).   The transformation of private tutoring: education in a   Ã‚  Ã‚   franchise form.   Canadian Journal of Sociology 29,   419- Cowley, P.   (2001).  Ã‚   Report Card on Ontarios Secondary Schools: 2001 Edition.   The   Ã‚  Ã‚   Fraser Institute   http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=239 Davies, S.   (1999).   From Moral Duty to Cultural Rights: A Case Study of Political   Ã‚  Ã‚   Framing in Education   Sociology of Education 72, 1-21. Finn, C.   (2001)   â€Å"Reinventing Public Education Via the Marketplace.† The Fraser Institute   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=270 Fotopoulos, T.   (2004).   Democracy, Paideia and Education: Culture, the Dominant Social   Ã‚  Ã‚   Paradigm, and the Role of Education   In Ross, W. E.   Defending Public Schools. (15-29).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Westport, CT.:Praeger. Gabbard, D. A.   (2004). Welcome to the Desert of the Real: A Brief History of What   Ã‚  Ã‚   Makes Schooling Compulsory   In Ross, W.E.  Ã‚   Defending Public Schools.   (3-14).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Westport, CT.: Praeger. Geiger, K.   (1994).   Rethinking American Schools in the Psot-Cold War Era: Introductory   Ã‚  Ã‚   Remarks from the NEA President.   Financing Education   33, 63-66 Hall, E. and Handley, R.   (2004).   High Schools in Crisis: What Every Parent Should   Ã‚  Ã‚   Know   Westport, CT.: Praeger Ross, W. E.   (2004).   General Editors Introduction: Defending Public Schools, Defending   Ã‚  Ã‚   Democracy   In Ross, W.E.   Defending Public Schools.   Westport, CT.: Praeger.   4 Trouble in Ontario’s small schools   (2004). People for Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.peopleforeducation.com/releases/2005/sept21_04.html

Service Mechanism for Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorder

Service Mechanism for Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorder Service Mechanism for Diagnosis of respiratory disorder Severity Using Fuzzy Logic for Clinical Decision support system Faiyaz Ahamad Dr.Manuj Darbari Dr.Rishi Asthana Abstract: Respiratory disorder is a chronic inflammatory lung disease. Globally Respiratory disorder is based on the functional consequences of airways inflammation, clamitous nature and not proper diagnosis. In this paper our aim to develop Service Discovery Mechanism for Diagnosis of respiratory disorder Severity Using Fuzzy Logic for Clinical Decision support system. An Mechanism system has been Created for fuzzy rule-based system. Five symptoms have been taken for the decision of the respiratory disorder conditions. Keywords: Respiratory disorder ,Information system, , Fuzzy logic. I. INTRODUCTION Respiratory disorder is a major public health issue in the world [1,2]. In the United States alone, it influence 7.2 million teenager and 14.8 million adults. Globally, it affects an estimated 350 million family, and is important for approximately 1 out of every 250 deaths [3, 4]. A survey based study estimated the percentage of Respiratory disorder patients in Western Europe and North America with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢severe‘‘ symptoms to be approximately40% [5]. Especially troubling is that it has increased significantly in the past 2–3 decades in the U.S. and worldwide [6]. Hospital based study on 20,000 children under the age of 18 years in 1979,1984,1989,1994,1999,2004 and 2010 in the city of Bangalore showed a prevalence of Respiratory disorder is 9%, 10.5%, 18.5%, 24.5%, 29.5%, 30.94% and 33.74% respectively. Reasons for this increase are not clear; however it may reflect increased exposure to environmental risk factors [7].The episodes of Respiratory disorder severity cause coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty in breathing. An Respiratory disorder attack can be life threatening. There are many diseases with almost same symptoms and normally misdiagnosed with Respiratory disorder . Although the occurrence of Respiratory disorder is not known exactly and its diagnosis is unclear but in some populations Respiratory disorder is under-diagnosed. Some sources claim Respiratory disorder is under-diagnosed in teenagers, with event of coughing, wheezing not considered possible cases of and thus not seeking diagnosis and treatment for Respiratory disorder .Diagnosis of Respiratory disorder earlier can show a basic role in medical Diagnosis [10]. It is a basic knowledge that if a symptoms of patient different then patient goes to different doctors, therfore different doctors give different opinions regarding the grade of the disease. Also, possible two persons with similar symptoms going to the same doctor may be investigating differently. This show that there is a certain amount of fuzziness in the rational process of a doctor [5,11,12]. Fuzzy logic controller, a outstanding application of Zadeh’s fuzzy set theory [13], is a possible tool for dealing with ambiguity and duplicity. Thus, the expertise of a doctor can be shaped using an fuzzy logic controller. The accomplishment of an fuzzy logic controller builds upon its expertise base on which consists of a database and a rule base. It is attended that the achievement of an Fuzzy logic mainly bank on its rule base, and betterment of the membership function which is gathered in the database is a fine process [8]. II. DESIGNING OF FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY DISORDER The aim of this work is to develop a service mechanism for diagnosis of respiratory disorder severity, it is the specialized unit of a hospital for patients who require special medical care The system consists of two developmental phases: phase I for implementing the solution to communicative information system and phase II for implementing the solution to the decision support system. So as to bring out the various features and perspectives of both the solutions, the whole system is elaborated with the help of the architectural views and process flow diagram. Comprehensive Software architecture of Mechanism for Diagnosis of respiratory disorder Severity Information System proposed to combination of the modules- Compliance and Decision Support are well modularized to keep high cohesion and low coupling which are the major design principles of the Software Architecture[9] . The process flow of combined system provides an insight of how the whole system works. The Architectures take care of all the required functionalities by the Diagnosis of respiratory disorder Severity. Figure.1.1 Comprehensive Software architecture of Fuzzy Inference System for Diagnosis of Respiratory system Information System 2.1 Model Development Due to this development of the mechanism for Diagnosis of respiratory disorder severity Decision support system play very important role in the development of fuzzy inference system. Different authors provide different definitions and scopes of a decision support system (DSS). Albert and Soumitra defines a DSS as- â€Å"Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive, computer-based systems helping decision-makers (individuals and/or groups) to solve various semi-structured and unstructured problems involving multiple attributes, objectives, and goals† [Angehrn-98]. Some say that a DSS provides advices (Active DSS) [Caleb-Solly-03] while others argue that they just provide support to decisions (Passive DSS) [Lee-01]. There are number of event under each classification of fuzzy inference system, where they can work input variable to Output variable find out. We can introduce number of different type of variable to find the accurate severity of respiratory disorder in the patient . due to this Inference system we provide (global)standards for the exchange, management and integration of data that supports clinical patient care and the management, delivery and evaluation of healthcare services. Specifically, to create flexible, cost effective approaches, standards, guidelines, methodologies ,enable healthcare information system interoperability and sharing of electronic health records. Table 1.1. The number of events under each classification of fuzzy Inference system Respiratory disorder Symptoms are: I. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) II. Daytime Symptom Frequency (DSF) II. Nighttime Symptom Frequency (NSF) IV. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Variability (PEFR Variability) V. Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) 2.2 Algorithm for repository Disorder In the present work all input variables (PEFR, FVC, FEV1 and FEF 25-75%) have been divided into 4 categories such as Low, Medium, High and Very High. Each one is defined by the individual membership functions. Low, Very High is shown by trapezoidal membership function and Medium, High is shown by triangular membership functions. But in case of output variable, it is also divided in to 4 categories as Severe, Moderate, Mild and Normal. Norma and Severe is shown by trapezoidal membership function and Moderate, Mild is shown by triangular membership functions [15,16] Figure 2.1: Membership Function Input Variable PEFR Table 2.1: Membership Function Input Variable PEFR Figure 2.2: Membership Function Plot for Input Variable FEV1 Table 2.2: Membership Function value for Input Variable FEV1 Figure .23: Membership Function Plot for Input Variable FVC Table 2.3: Membership Function value for Input Variable FVC Figure 2.4: Membership Function Plot for Input Variable FEF2575 Table 2.4: Membership Function value for Input Variable FEF2575 Figure 2.5: Membership Function Plot for Output Variable Respiratory disorder Severity Table 2.5: Membership Function value for output Variable Respiratory disorder Severit Table 2.6 shows the rule base for the respiratory disorder inference system. Figure 2.6: Rule Viewer for Repository Disorder Inference System. There are various input and Output Variables, on the basis of which we design 19 rules selecting an item in each input and output variable using AND Operation. These Variable are selected as the basis of rule defined in the FIS. THE RULES ARE spreads on the left row. these rules are viewed on the basis of status line selected a rule number. The first four plots in the graph yellow plots. which shows the membership function referred to anterior, and if-part of each defined rules. The fifth column of plot as shown in graph blue plots shows membership function, or the then- part of each defined rules. the design which are untouched in the if-part of any defined rule corresponds to the characterization of the variable in the defined rules. The end plot in the fifth column represent the Aggregate weighted decision for the given FIS System. this agreement will depend on the input values defined for the plot. The output is shows as on vertical line of the plot. variables and their current values are displayed on the top of the columns in the plot. Table.3.2 Results of the Fuzzy inference system output and field data output III. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Based on the rules define in the FIS system computed the on the basis of information severity of Respiratory disorder by implement AND connection and after that we defuzzify the generated output using the centric method [14]. The AND operation has been used to perform logical operation .In fuzzy logic system the truth of any statement is matter of degree so the AND connection performed a min operation. The truth table has been converted to a plot of these fuzzy sets then fuzzy create single set. Figure 3.1 show the operations work over a continuously changes range of truth values A and B on the defined fuzzy operations [17]. Table 3.1: Logical operation AND table performed Fuzzy Logic Figure 3.1: AND operation varying range of truth table A and B The output of this system presents the possibility of Respiratory disorder severity gradation from very high to very low in terms of measured values (0-100). These outputs are classified in four classes presenting the status of patients as a risk of Respiratory disorder. These classes include Severe (0-40), Moderate (40-60), Mild (60-80) and Normal (80-100) Table.3.2. Defuzzification of the Output As much as fuzziness in fuzzy system support the rule evaluation during the transitional steps, the final desired output obtained input variable is generally a individual number. However, the accumulated of a fuzzy set cover a range of output values and defuzzified in order to resolve a single output value from the set [18,19]. Dca(c)= (Figure 3.2). The defuzzified value has been computed based on the following equation; Figure 3.3: Defuzzification of the aggregate output Where dCA(C) is the defuzzified value and C is the Membership Function [17]. Based on the AND operation every defined rule has been examined for a given set of defiend Input values and the rule defiend which satisfied the operational logic has been used to generate the output for the FIS. So that each rule has been aggregated and AFTER THE defuzzified using centroid OPERATION to generate a single output which is a single number representing the severity of Respiratory disorder . IV. CONCLUSION The purpose of the proposed work is to design a system for the diagnosis of Respiratory disorder severity using Fuzzy Logic, so that familiar people who assume little bit of Respiratory disorder may use the system and obtain the result on the bases of severity of Respiratory disorder, which will be defiend to support appropriate corrective purposes before the harshness increases. Fuzzy logic system used for respiratory system severity that these result are better than other conventional system. These system are well supported in the medical science , doctor’s and practitioners. Who faced a problem due to result of respiratory in conventional system The result obtained by the using of FIS system are accurate and very helpful in the field of medical science. the Table.3.2 Results of the Fuzzy inference system output and field data output adequacy of the system developed is to be endorsed by the doctors in the ground conclusion. V. REFERENCES [1]. Yawn B. P. (2008). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-. Primary Care Respiratory Journal, 17: 138-147. [2]. Teresa To, Sanja Stanojevic, Ginette Moores, Andrea S Gershon, Eric D Bateman, Alvaro A Cruz, Louis-Philippe Boulet,(2012) Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey, BMC Public Health, 12:204. [3]. Robert H. Lim, Lester Kobzik, Morten Dahl, (2010), Risk for Asthma in Offspring of Asthmatic Mothers versus Fathers: A Meta-Analysis, [4] Bousquet,J., Jeffery,P.K., Busse,W.W., Johnson,M. and Vignola,A.M. (2000). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Asthma: From broncho constriction to airways inflammation and remodelingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-. American J. RespirCrit Care Med. 16: 1720-1745. [5]. Klaus F. Rabe, Mitsuru Adachi, Christopher K.W. Lai, Joan B. Soriano, Paul A. Vermeire, Kevin B. Weiss, and Scott T. Weiss,(2004) Worldwide severity and control of asthma in children and adults: The global Asthma Insights and Reality surveys, Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunol VOLUME 114, NUMBER 1, pp-40-47. [6]. Lim RH, Kobzik L, Dahl M (2010) Risk for Asthma in Offspring of Asthmatic Mothers versus Fathers: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 5(4). [7] .Pradeepa P. Narayana, Mithra P. Prasanna, S. R. Narahari, and Aggithaya M. Guruprasad, (2010), Prevalence of asthma in school children in rural India, Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 5(2): 118–119. [8] M.R. Partridge, (2007), examines the unmet need in adults with severe asthma, Eur Respir Rev, 16: 104, 67–72. [9] F. Ahamad â€Å"Service mechanism for clinical decision support system for an Intensive care units† 978-1-4799-1205-6/13/$31.00  ©2013 IEEE [10] Guidelines for Management of Asthma at Primary and Secondary Levels of Health Care in India (2005). http://www.indiachest.org/pdf_files/Asthma guidelines.pdf. [11]. Behl RK, Kashyap S, Sarkar M, (2010), Prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children of 6-13 years of age in Shimla city, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 52(3):145-8. [12]. Zadeh,L.A. (1965). â€Å"Fuzzy sets†. Inform. Contr. 8:338-353. [13]. Zadeh,L.A. (1973). â€Å"Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes†.IEEE Transactionson Systems, Man andCybernetics.3: 28-44. [14] .Sethi, S, Murphy, TF (2008), Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med; 359:2355. [15] .Hargreave F. E. and Parameswaran K. (2006). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Asthma, COPD and bronchitis are just components of airway diseaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-. European Respiratory Journal. 28: 264-267. [16] Payne T.(2000) Computer decision support system. Chest; 118:47-52. [17] Novà ¡k,V., Perfilieva,I. and Mockor,J. (1999). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Mathematical principles of fuzzy logicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- Dodrecht: Kluwer Academic. 45-50. [18] Pratihar,D.K., Deb,K. and Ghosh,A. (1999). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢A genetic-fuzzy approach for mobile robot navigation among moving obstaclesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-.Int. J. Approx. Reason.20: 145-172. [19]. Roychowdhury,A., Pratihar,D.K., Bose,N., Sankaranarayanan,K.P. and Sudhahar,N. (2004). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Diagnosis of the diseases – using GA fuzzy approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-.Information Sciences.162: 105-120.

Laughter as Therapy in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey Ess

Laughter as Therapy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey Laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel One flew over the cuckoo’s nest by Ken Kesey laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter also proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mcmurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (p.16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. No body knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making people uneasy. This showed how far away the patients were from reality. The chief says (22) â€Å"I see he is making every body over their uneasy, with all his kidding and joking.† Then right after he starts connecting to the patients and the Acutes actually show some sign of a smile (23) â€Å"The Acutes are grinning now not so uneasy any more glad that something out of the ordinary is happening.† Only after 8 pages there is progress already seen in the patients with laughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chief Bromden states â€Å"The air is pressed in by the walls to tight to let loose and laugh.† Before Mcmurphy arrives it is true. After his presence is recognized by the patients Mrs. Ratcheds grip over the institution starts loosing its hold. The first thing the patients do to start breaking her hold is start the gambling. They gamble for money even though it’s against ward policy. Little by little the patients show improvement with themselves it is portrayed by the ability not just to laugh but laugh at their own qualities. This occurs in the climax of the novel during the fishing trip (p215). When every ones lines tangle up and they start laughing at each other and themselves that is when they know that they aren’t really that crazy. They knew they were getting better. â€Å"They could sense the change that most of us were only suspecting; these weren’t the same bunch of weak-knees from a nut house.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nurse ratched lost a lot of her power once the patients kne... ...y different reasons. Some people even laugh when something horrible occurs, it is a method of escape from what horrors or mishaps are going on around you. â€Å"Many psychotherapists find humor a valuable tool in helping their patients to solve their social and emotional problems.† (G. Samuel) Chief bromden was having many problems once he learned to laugh especially at him self he was mostly cured. He was considered a chronic but after Mcmuprhy showed him that he has the ability to laugh and coincide with a group he was some what cured. â€Å"jokes and commissions enable individuals to defend against anxieties, fear, anger, and other disturbing emotions.†(G. Samuel) This was true in the chief’s and Harding’s case. Both of them left the institution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Laughing is resorted to in times where we need to laugh. It’s an escape from reality, its comfort, its fear. Laughing subdues any emotion that is too high strung in our system. It lets it vapor out in a melancholy form that helps us cope with problems that no one else can really understand and help us with. In One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest it allowed emotional tension escape from the patients and made nurse Ratched lose her ward.

The Portrayal of War in On the Idle Hill and The Destruction of Sennach

The Portrayal of War in On the Idle Hill and The Destruction of Sennacherib The structure of these 2 poems are similar but comparisons can be made between "On the idle hill" and "The destruction of Sennacherib" Although the content is similar the title, tone, language, devices, structure and punctuation are very different. In the early 1800's when Byron wrote "The destruction of Sennacherib" a large war campaign was occurring; The Napoleonic Wars. The wars surrounding him would effect his view on war. In the late 1800's when Housman wrote "On the idle hill", no major battle was occurring. However, ironically within 20 years of this poem more "lads" were being sent to the slaughter in World War One. The titles of the two poems are very different. "On the idle hill" portrays a very passive image, whereas "Destruction of Sennacherib" is very active. Byron's poem is a stereotype of war. The title shows action and it brings a sense of all encompassing. Whereas "On the idle hill" shows laziness as "idle" personifies the hill making the start of the poem peaceful and natural. This image contradicts war, which is very ironic. The two poems by Byron and Housman portray war. "On the idle hill" is a very natural affair. "The Destruction of Sennacherib" is a very violent and graphic event. Both of the poems show the beginning and the end of the battle and misses out the actual war. This firstly leaves the battle to the readers imagination so it can be interpreted differently, and secondly it makes the reader concentrate of the consequences. Although Byron's poem doesn't show the battle it has a brutal and horrific image of the aftermath, "the foam of his gasping lay white on the turf." This makes the battle s... ...ay. "On the Idle hill" finishes with two war instruments calling back from the battle. This may be reflecting back to the initial dreamy state. When it says, 'woman bore me, I will rise' it can be read in many different ways. It can be read into as a warning that war may rise again because it is inevitable. Or it can alternatively be read as there being a female influence in nature that will rise up. Altogether it is a positive ending that shows Humanity versus evil. "The Destruction of Sennacherib" has a very religious ending. It ends with the all the soldiers dead. God killed the Assyrians because they killed the holy people. There is a strong reference to nature that may be a reference to God, 'Hath melted like snow'. Both of the poems are ended extremely differently, "On the idle hill" is optimistic and "Destruction of Sennacherib" is pessimistic.

The Ex Basketball Player by John Updike Essay examples -- English Lite

The Ex Basketball Player by John Updike A Loss of Motivation In English Seven we read a poem called the "Ex Basketball Player" by John Updike. The main character's name was Flick Webb. The poem explains how Flick lost motivation. In high school Flick was an excellent basketball player, if not, the best. After high school Flick didn't continue his basketball skills, and he never had tried as hard on his academics as he did on basketball. Flick now works at Berth's Garage and has a dead end life. I think that Flick gave up because he didn't want to work at something that didn't come easily, such as academics. I enjoyed this poem because it makes you think, I will now tell of a time when I lost motivation. In fourth grade I took gymnastics. I really like it, and had a lot of fun. The problem was that after a while my teacher didn't seem to teach us many new tricks. On top of that, they were ready to move to a new building. This building had a low ceiling, so I couldn't do the uneven bars. The uneven bars happened to be my favorite event, so I decided to quit. ..

Martyrs Day

MARTYRS DAY The Nation pays homage to the martyrs who suffered and died for the freedom, welfare, and progress of the country, on January 30 every year. It was on January 30, 1948 that Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated a little before the sunset when he was going to attend his evening prayers. Gandhiji was the greatest among the lakhs and lakhs of martyrs and freedom fighters who sacrificed everything for the country’s Independence, welfare andprogress. Since Gandhiji’s martyrdom on January 30, 1948 this day was declared as the Martyrs’ Day. Since then every year the Nation pays homage to the Mahatma and other martyrs on this day.On Martyr’s Day, the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, the Defence Minister, and the three service Chiefs gather at the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat and lay wreaths on the Samadhi decorated with multi-colour flowers. The armed forces personnel blow the bugles sounding the Last Post. The inter-services contin gent reverse arms as a mark of respect to the martyrs. A two-minutes silence in memory of the Father of the Nation and other martyrs is observed throughout the country at 11 a. m. At Rajghat, in front of the Samadhi of Gandhiji, all-religion prayers are held and bhajans dear to him sung.January 30, 1948 is the saddest and most poignant day in our history. For on this day, 78-year old Mahatma Gandhi was killed in Birla House (now known as Gandhi Smriti) when he was going to join his evening prayers. This was the biggest tragedy that the Nation faced after we achieved our hard-won Independence under the leadership of Gandhiji. I was a few yards away when this tragedy occurred. Like other days, I was slowly walking behind the Mahatma towards the prayer ground. I saw a well-built, tall young man, clad in khaki, rushing from the peaceful crowd of men, women and children, who came to attend the prayers, towards Gandhiji.Gandhiji was then ascending the steps to the prayer ground. The restl ess young man tried to touch Gandhiji’s feet. Gandhiji’s grand daughters, Manu and Ava, told him that Gandhiji did not like people touching his feet. They both tried to stop the man and told him not to delay the Mahatma who was already late for the prayers. But the man pushed them aside and the prayer books and other things which they were carrying fell on the ground. The young man, who had a pistol, suddenly fired three shots from close range at Gandhiji. The Mahatma fell on the ground, his white khadi dress soaked in blood.A man of prayer, Gandhiji remembered God and said, â€Å"Hey Ram : Hey Ram. † It was 5. 17 p. m. Men, women and children, who came to join the prayers, were shocked and wept aloud to see the Father of the Nation being killed in front of their eyes. A bleeding Gandhiji was rushed to the room where he was staying. The news of his assassination spread like a fire. Despite one of the coldest nights in India’s capital, thousands of people crowded in front of Birla House and wanted to have Gandhiji’s darshan. Inside the room there were tragic scenes. Pandit Nehru, our first Prime Minister, wept like a child.Sardar Patel was seen consoling him. Doctors rushed into the room. They examined Gandhiji. They remained dumb. Slowly, they signified that the Mahatma was dead. This was my worst and saddest reporting of the Mahatma after about four years’ tour as the United Press of India correspondent with him in various parts of the country. I wept but I had to do my duty. After flashing the news to my office, I rushed to the room where Gandhiji’s body was lying. Recitations from the Gita and other scriptures were going on. I remained whole night in that room. Lights in the room were switched off. An oil lamp was lit.There was darkness everywhere. Sitting in the room, I wrote an article titled â€Å"That Darkest Night† which was well published. Outside the room, there was a huge waiting and weeping cr owd. The people were shouting in choked voice â€Å"Allow us to have last darshan of our beloved Bapuji†. The entire area rent with repeated cries of â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai†. In order to allow the people to have darshan of the Mahatma, his body was placed on the high table in the adjacent room. A powerful lamp was lit so that the people could have an easy darshan. As the doors of the room were opened, there was a huge rush.Everybody wanted to touch Gandhiji’s feet. An old woman fell down in the rush and fainted. There was so much confusion that the doors of the room had to be closed. Then Gandhiji’s body was taken to the roof of the house and placed under powerful light to enable the vast multitude of people have a last glimpse of him. In bitter cold, Gandhiji was given a bath at 1 a. m. The blood-soaked clothes were then removed from his body. I then saw three bullet wounds on his body. Two bullets had pierced through his body. The third bullet rema ined in his body. The wounds were still bleeding. The scene was tragic.After the bath, Gandhiji was dressed in khaddar loin cloth presented to him on his last birthday. He was garlanded with a hank of hand-spun thread. He was decorated with flowers and garlands. Gandhiji’s favourite Ram Dhun and bhajans were recited. Gandhiji’s watch then struck 3. 30 a. m. Everyday, he was used to hold his morning prayers at that time. All-religion prayers were held that day as well. His grand daughters, Ava and Manu, sang a Hindi bhajan befitting the occasion. This bhajan is as follows: â€Å"Karle Sringar, Chatur Albele, (Tujhe) Sajan ke Ghar Jana Hoga, Miitti Orhawan, Mitti Bichawan, Mitti me hi Mil Jana Hoga. Karle Sringar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Nahale Dhole Shish Gothale Phir Wahan-se Nahi Ana Hoga Karle Sringar †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  As the prayers were going on, the first rays of the sun entered the room. That dreadful night, which the whole nation passed in anguish and tears, came to an end. Preparations for Gandhiji’s last journey to Rajghat were being made. A mass of humanity had crowded in Delhi on that occasion. The cremation at Rajghat was attended by world dignitaries. Gandhiji, alongwith lakhs of men and women who sacrified for the country’s cause, became a martyr. The cellular dark jails of the Andaman Islands, where the freedom fighters were kept, are full of stories of the martyrs.The stone walls of the jail echoe the sufferings and torture of the freedom fighters, many of whom were killed inside the jail. The Martyrs’ Day is an occasion to remember all our martyrs and work for the country’s peace, unity, progress and welfare. During the last eventful phase of his life, Gandhiji worked for establishing peace, amity and brotherhood among people and died while working for this mission. Let us remember his work for peace, amity and brotherhood. (PIB) *Journalist and freedom fighter who was eye witness to Gandhiji’s assassination